The Challenger O-ring data

The Challenger disaster data is one that I have seen numerous times.  The first time that I have seen this data (given below) was when I was a temporary laboratory instructor for an introductory statistics course. Typically, this data set is used to argue how important it is for someone to have basic data analysis skills. Another Challenger related data set can be found in the Journal of the American Statistical Association article that contains other variables and analysis.

The data set given below consists of observations made on various o-rings used in solid rocket boosters.  Each o-ring was tested at a different temperature and the erosion depth of the o-ring was measured.  The trend that one can see is that as temperatures decrease, the erosion depth of the o-rings increases, leading to a failure of the o-ring.  The general conclusion that was reached from this data set is that these o-rings should not have been used at cold temperatures.

Below is the data.  For more on the disaster, see wikipedia's page.

O-ring temp in °F	Erosion depth,δ mils *
66.0	0.0
70.0	53.0
69.0	0.0
68.0	0.0
67.0	0.0
72.0	0.0
73.0	0.0
70.0	0.0
57.0	40.0
63.0	0.0
70.0	28.0
78.0	0.0
67.0	0.0
53.0	48.0
67.0	0.0
75.0	0.0
70.0	0.0
81.0	0.0
76.0	0.0
79.0	0.0
75.0	0.0
76.0	0.0